http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1032 Library Trends 52 (4) Spring 2004: Pioneers in Library and Information Science. Edited by W. Boyd Rayward http://hdl.handle.net/2142/13710 Professionalizing library education, the California connection: James Gillis, Everett Perry, and Joseph Daniels Hansen, Debra Gold Library science --History Information science --History Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1705 Social Epistemology from Jesse Shera to Steve Fuller Zandonade, Tarcisio This article examines the project of Jesse Hauk Shera (1903–82), carried out originally in association with his colleague Margaret Egan, of formulating an epistemological foundation for a library science in which bibliography, librarianship, and the then newly emerging ideas about documentation would be integrated. The scholarly orientation and research agenda of the University of Chicago’s Graduate Library School provided an appropriate context for his work for social epistemology, though this work was continued long after he left the University of Chicago. A short time after his death, a group of philosophers that included Steve Fuller (1959– ) began to study the collective nature of knowledge. Fuller, independently of Shera, identifi ed, named, and developed a program of social epistemology, a vehicle for which was a new journal he was responsible for creating in 1987, Social Epistemology. Fuller described his program as an intellectual movement of broad cross-disciplinary provenance that attempted to reconstruct the problem of epistemology once knowledge is regarded as intrinsically social. Fuller, like other philosophers interested in this area, acknowledges the work of Shera. Library science --History Information science --History Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1704 The Lady and the Antelope: Suzanne Briet’s Contribution to the French Documentation Movement Maack, Mary Niles During her thirty years at the Bibliothèque Nationale (BN), Suzanne Briet (1894–1989) made important theoretical, organizational, and institutional contributions to the documentation movement in France. This article attempts to place her documentation work within the context of the far-reaching reform of French libraries, with special attention to the transformation of the BN. Like her colleagues in special libraries, Briet embraced modernity and science. Because of her strong orientation toward humanistic scholarship, however, she viewed documentation service and bibliographic orientation as an enhancement rather than a rejection of the scholarly traditions of the national library. This article will focus on her efforts to integrate the innovative ideas of the documentation movement into the practice of librarianship at the Bibliothèque Nationale. Library science --History Information science --History Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1703 The Art and Science of Classification: Phyllis Allen Richmond, 1921–1997 La Barre, Kathryn Research during the 1950s in library and information science refl ected the intense intellectual foment and fervor of the time. As a master’s student of library science at Western Reserve University (WRU) in 1952, Phyllis Allen Richmond found herself at the epicenter of some of the most exciting work being pursued in the fi eld. Her academic career crosscuts diverse areas. She was a champion of library automation, of facet analytical theory, and of the history of science. She always kept the future of classifi cation fi rmly at the center of her work. This retrospective of the pioneering accomplishments and contributions of a distinguished forty-year career will draw upon recollections, materials at the Case Western Reserve University Archive, and Richmond’s own writings. Library science --History Information science --History Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1702 Effie Louise Power: Librarian, Educator, Author Kimball, Melanie A. Jenkins, Christine A. Hearne, Betsy Effie Louise Power (1873–1969) represented the high standard of collaboration among children’s librarians that characterized the entire development of youth services work. This article examines Power’s role in U.S. library history as a practitioner, library and information science educator, national and regional professional leader, and author. Particular emphasis is given to Power’s place in the network of children’s librarians in the early twentieth century, her professional authority as the librarian selected by the American Library Association to write the fi rst textbook for children’s librarianship, and her success as one of the many librarians who have written and edited children’s books, especially folktale collections for use in storytelling programs. Emerging most notably from this research is the discovery of how energetically, albeit quietly, Power infl uenced not only her contemporaries but also the next several generations of children’s librarians who have followed in her professional footsteps. Library science --History Information science --History Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1701 Frances Henne and the Development of School Library Standards Kester, Diane D. Jones, Plummer Alston, Jr. Frances Henne (1906–85) was the leader in the development of school library standards during her career as a teacher, librarian, and library educator. She was the driving force behind the publication of the 1945, 1960, and 1969 national standards for school libraries. Her imprint is evident in the research and philosophical foundations for the 1975, 1988, and 1998 national standards. Library science --History Information science --History Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1700 The Role of the State in the Organization of Statewide Library Service: Essae M. Culver, Louisiana’s First State Librarian Jumonville, Florence M. In 1925 the Carnegie Corporation granted $50,000 to Louisiana, a state then “backward in library development,” to fund a demonstration of rural public library development. Essae M. Culver, a California librarian, was chosen to direct the project. Culver arrived in Louisiana to fi nd that the entire state needed organizing. She concluded that the parish (county) was the appropriate unit upon which to base a system of libraries and adapted California’s demonstration system to the southern state’s needs. Key to Culver’s method was local funding after the demonstration period, and she convinced legislators to fi nance the state library agency. Similarly, voters concurred that their parish libraries were worth keeping, and, despite some early failures during times of fl ood and economic depression, parish libraries eventually were established throughout the state. Culver’s demonstration method was credited with greatly infl uencing library development both in the United States and abroad. Library science --History Information science --History Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1699 Cornelia Marvin and Mary Frances Isom: Leaders of Oregon’s Library Movement Gunselman, Cheryl Free public libraries, and “modern” library methods, arrived late in the Pacifi c Northwest. Two individuals were particularly infl uential in the introduction, growth, and professionalization of library service in the state of Oregon: Cornelia Marvin (later Pierce), of the Oregon Library Commission and the Oregon State Library (1905–28), and Mary Frances Isom of the Library Association of Portland (1901–20). This article will explore their relationship as leaders and colleagues during the early years of public library service in Oregon. Isom and Marvin frequently consulted one another on professional and personal questions, supporting each other as senior leaders of their institutions and as women in positions of power. Often working together, Isom and Marvin promoted tax-supported libraries throughout Oregon and the advantages of staffi ng them with formally trained librarians. Between them, they established the foundations for community and government support for libraries in the state. They contributed to creating a professional support system for librarians in the region as cofounders of the Pacifi c Northwest Library Association and were also active in the American Library Association. Their publications, reports, and surviving correspondence provide evidence of their extensive mutual support, opinions, actions, and decisions, as well as their professional development during their years as Oregon colleagues. Library science --History Information science --History Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1698 “A Brilliant Mind”: Margaret Egan and Social Epistemology Furner, Jonathan Margaret Egan (1905–59) taught at the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago (1946–55) and at the School of Library Science at Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio (1955–59). With her colleague Jesse Shera, Egan wrote “Foundations of a Theory of Bibliography” for Library Quarterly in 1952; this article marked the fi rst appearance of the term “social epistemology.” After Egan’s death, Shera has often been credited for the idea of social epistemology. However, there is ample evidence to show that it was Egan who originated the concept—one that is commonly viewed as fundamental to the theoretical foundations of library and information science. Library science --History Information science --History Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1697 The Most Influential Paper Gerard Salton Never Wrote Dubin, David Gerard Salton is often credited with developing the vector space model (VSM) for information retrieval (IR). Citations to Salton give the impression that the VSM must have been articulated as an IR model sometime between 1970 and 1975. However, the VSM as it is understood today evolved over a longer time period than is usually acknowledged, and an articulation of the model and its assumptions did not appear in print until several years after those assumptions had been criticized and alternative models proposed. An often cited overview paper titled “A Vector Space Model for Information Retrieval” (alleged to have been published in 1975) does not exist, and citations to it represent a confusion of two 1975 articles, neither of which were overviews of the VSM as a model of information retrieval. Until the late 1970s, Salton did not present vector spaces as models of IR generally but rather as models of specifi c computations. Citations to the phantom paper refl ect an apparently widely held misconception that the operational features and explanatory devices now associated with the VSM must have been introduced at the same time it was fi rst proposed as an IR model. Library science --History Information science --History Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT