http://hdl.handle.net/2142/351 31st Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing (1994). Edited by Brett Sutton. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/402 The Text Encoding Initiative: Electronic text markup for research Sperberg-McQueen, C.M. This paper describes the goals and work of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), an international cooperative project to develop and disseminate guidelines for the encoding and interchange of electronic text for research purposes. It begins by outlining some basic problems that arise in the attempt to represent textual material in computers and some problems that arise in the attempt to encourage the sharing and reuse of electronic textual resources. These problems provide the necessary background for a brief review of the origins and organization of the Text Encoding Initiative itself. Next, the paper describes the rationale for the decision of the TEI to use the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) as the basis for its work. Finally, the work accomplished by the TEI is described in general terms, and some attempt is made to clarify what the project has and has not accomplished. Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/401 The feasibility of wide-area textual analysis systems in libraries: A practical analysis Price-Wilkin, John This paper discusses the textual and software resources necessary for the establishment of a generalized wide-area textual analysis system. A distinction is made between textual analytical systems and text retrieval systems. The necessity of using standards and open systems in implementing such systems is emphasized. The paper includes a review of critical characteristics of generalized analytical software. It is argued that the resources necessary for the establishment of a service are currently available. The paper concludes with a discussion of deficiencies in current resources and standards. The author also includes an appendix discussing the need to incorporate a recognition of structure in textual retrieval systems. Textual analysis Academic libraries Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/400 The scholar and his library in the computer age Marchand, James W. The advent of powerful high-speed computers and the development of networked information resources have freed the scholar from the limitations of his private library, but new problems have arisen. Lack of standardization in both hardware and software, reluctance on the part of many scholars to master the new technology and resources, and the overwhelming choices facing the adventurous modern scholar present barriers to optimal information retrieval. The library must help resolve many of these problems and must utilize the new technology to store, catalog, retrieve, and deliver information regardless of its format. Electronic texts Information retrieval Academic libraries Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/399 Electronic texts and multimedia in the academic library: A view from the front line Lowry, Anita K. Electronic texts and hypermedia databases can be invaluable resources for helping students engage and understand primary sources in the Humanities. In addition, the ability not only to interact with existing electronic resources but also to manipulate and create information in digital forms contributes a unique dimension to the learning process. The Information Arcade at the University of Iowa Libraries provides a model for the role of the academic library in integrating electronic resources and interactive technologies into research and teaching. Electronic texts Academic libraries Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/398 The role of the scholarly publisher in an electronic environment LeJeune, Lorrie Scholarly publishing has changed as a result of a shrinking market for specialized materials, increased production costs, and advances in computer technology. Publishing on CD-ROM or on the Internet offers reduced production costs, increased storage capability, and enhanced access to information through resources such as World Wide Web and tools such as Gopher, Mosaic, and Storyspace. For publishers to provide high-quality, peer-reviewed, and edited material in an online environment, cost recovery methods must be developed that provide well-designed user interfaces and that ensure network security. The scholarly publisher's imprint will continue to be a sign of quality and credibility, but the online environment also enables scholarly publishers and libraries to redefine their roles in the dissemination of information. Electronic texts Scholarly publishing Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/396 Durkheim's imperative: The role of Humanities faculty in the information technologies revolution Jones, Robert Alun The arrival of powerful information technologies in the traditional humanistic disciplines has done far more than simply add to the tools available for research and instruction. Those who have embraced these technologies have also experienced a significant disruption of their traditional roles within the academy, producing confusion and disorientation as well as excitement and innovation. Some of the reasons for this confusion are discussed, and one example of two "restabilized" roles for humanities faculty the work of the Advanced Information Technologies Group at the University of Illinois is described. The conclusion explores some of the advantages of this new kind of division of intellectual labor. Humanities research Information technology Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/395 Cohabiting with copyright on the nets Jensen, Mary Brandt Although the primary purpose of both copyright and the nets is to expand the publicly available knowledge base, the way each goes about expanding the knowledge base can be quite different. To avoid potential conflicts, net users must understand common misconceptions about what constitutes work in the public domain and what uses are permitted (copyright does not necessarily permit users to do the same things with electronic works as nonelectronic works). Determining if the work is in the public domain, what exactly the copyright holder has given permission to do, and how and from whom to ask permission will reduce copyright conflicts. In addition, understanding that the law is a political compromise between various points of view, that it is complex and often can only be interpreted by experts, and that it is only a starting point for discussion between users and copyright holders will improve both equitable access for users and equitable compensation for copyright holders. Electronic texts Copyright Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/394 Introduction to Literary texts in an electronic age: Scholarly implications and library services [papers presented at the 1994 Clinic on Library applications of Data Processing, April 10-12, 1994] Sutton, Brett The explosive rate of technological progress in the development of information systems has not benefited all users to the same degree. Even with the appearance of advanced information retrieval systems and the availability of previously printed texts in electronic form, for many library users, the main purpose of computers in libraries is still to provide fast and precise access to printed documents, not electronic files. In academic settings, this is particularly true for humanistic scholars for whom the traditional print-oriented library is laboratory, toolkit, and the single most important source of scholarly materials. Although there has been no shortage of fantasizing about the all-electronic library, even in the more technologically advanced academic institutions, literary work is practiced by many scholars using techniques differing little from those in use a century ago. These patterns, however, are changing. Literary scholars no longer have to learn computer programming in order to gain useful access to literature in electronic form: programs are now available that are capable of performing in minutes analytical tasks that used to take months; scholars are beginning to create electronic editions of classic literary works and are pooling their efforts to make those texts available to others; new fast and efficient delivery systems for electronic texts are beginning to appear; working prototypes of fully electronic libraries are now in operation in academic library settings. Scholarly work in the humanities that bypasses print altogether is now possible. The papers in this volume explore the potential of electronic texts in the humanities and describe the possible roles for libraries as electronic books take the place of printed ones. This apparently simple topic embodies a considerable amount of complexity, however. Glancing over these papers, it is easy to see that the question of literary texts in the humanities spans many areas of interest, reflecting the various needs of librarians, publishers, system administrators, scholars, readers, and writers. It is one purpose of this collection to bring these diverse perspectives into conjunction. Electronic texts Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/393 Index to Literary texts in an electronic age: Scholarly implications and library services [papers presented at the 1994 Clinic on Library applications of Data Processing, April 10-12, 1994] Index Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/392 Electronic texts in the Humanities: A coming of age Hockey, Susan Electronic texts have been used for research and teaching in the humanities ever since the end of the 1940s. This paper charts the development of various applications in literary computing including concordances, text retrieval, stylistic studies, scholarly editing, and metrical analyses. Many electronic texts now exist as a by-product of these activities. Efforts to use these texts for new applications led to the need for a common encoding scheme, which has now been developed in the form of the Text Encoding Initiative's implementation of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), and to the need for commonly used procedures for documenting electronic texts, which are just beginning to emerge. The need to separate data from software is now better understood, and the variety of CD-ROM-based text and software packages currently available is posing significant problems of support for libraries as well as delivering only partial solutions to many scholarly requirements. Attention is now turning to research towards more advanced network-based delivery mechanisms. Electronic texts Humanities research Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT