http://hdl.handle.net/2142/9 This is the default collection for all research and scholarship developed by faculty, staff or students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign http://hdl.handle.net/2142/13948 Curvilinear deflagration of energetic materials Kuznetsov, Igor R. Stewart, D. Scott The effects of material interface curvature on deflagration of a homogeneous solid energetic material (EM) is studied in a limit when the radius of curvature is much larger than the deflagration front thick- ness. Under the assumption of quasi-steady burning, a method of matched asymptotics is employed do derive first-order curvature corrections to the mass flux across the gas–solid interface as well as to the interface temperature. As an illustration, a problem of quasi-steady spherical particle deflagration is solved numerically and the simulation results are used to verify those obtained through asymptotic analysis. An algorithm for a fully-coupled unsteady solver suitable for EM deflagration simulation is presented. Numerical solution of the unsteady spherical particle deflagration is used to show that the assumption of quasi-steady deflagration is valid. Asymptotic Curvature Deflagration Particle Propellant Fri, 10 Aug 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/13834 Low-Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ruthenium and Manganese Nitride Thin Films Lazarz, Teresa S. Materials and thin film processing development has been and remains key to continuing to make ever smaller, or miniaturized, microelectronic devices. In order to continue miniaturization, conformal, low-temperature deposition of new electronic materials is needed. Two techniques capable of conformality have emerged: chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Here, two processes for deposition of materials which could be useful in microelectronics, but for which no low-temperature, conformal process has been established as commercializable, are presented. One is ruthenium, intended for use in interconnects and in dynamic random access memory electrodes, a known material for use in microelectronics but for which a more conformal, yet fast process than previously demonstrated is required. The other is manganese nitride, which could be used as active magnetic layers in devices or as a dopant in materials for spintronics, which is not yet established as a desired material in part due to the lack of any previously known CVD or ALD process for deposition. CVD chemical vapor deposition ruthenium manganese nitride Ru Mn-N film deposition Fri, 25 Sep 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/13757 Latino students and biliteracy at a university: Literacy histories, agency, and writing Stegemoller, William Jason This qualitative study examines the writing and writing experiences of six bilingual (Spanish-English), immigrant university students. Immigrant students are a growing segment of university populations, but explicit/implicit language policies often overlook their unique characteristics and needs. The study draws on the continua of biliteracy model (Hornberger, 1989; Hornberger & Sklton-Sylvester, 2000) as well as concepts of language as dialogic (Bakhtin, 1986) to understand and theorize participants’ writing and writing experiences. It uses a constructivist paradigm (Mertens, 1998), combining narrative inquiry (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000) with aspects of grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). Data sources included 40 hours of interviews (18 literacy history and 12 text-based interviews), and over 100 pages of student writing (from high school, university freshman composition courses, courses from students’ majors, scholarship essays, creative writing, and Spanish writing), and documents including syllabi and assignment sheets. Following Ivanic’s framework, data analysis centered on the participants’ “autobiographical selves” (1998), with a focus on literacy histories, writing and writing experiences in the university, and the participants’ understandings of themselves. A constellation of factors in the students’ literacy histories informed their experiences with language and literacy: subtractive and additive educational environments, age of arrival to the United States, education in the home language, quality of high school experiences, and socioeconomic status. The concept of mediated agency (Wertsch, Tulviste & Hagstrom, 1993) was used to conceptualize participants’ acts of “going against the grain” or accommodating the university context in their writing. The university context was often seen as challenging for some of the participants, but some contexts, Latina/Latino Studies courses and an African-American Studies course, were particularly inviting for three of the six participants. In such inviting contexts, the participants experimented more with expressing their cultural identities, or with using Spanish in their writing. The majority of the participants drew on rich social support networks as they engaged in academic writing, and chose not to utilize the university writing center. The participants connected to writing politically (by referencing the Latino community and activism), safely (by avoiding sharing certain aspects of their identities, choosing neutral topics, and topics that met perceived expectations), and personally (by referencing personal experiences and stories). The participants developed stances toward writing that grew out of their literacy histories by: (a) seeking healing, (b) taking risks, and (c) overcoming obstacles. The participants showed ways in which their experiences developing as writers continued in the university. The participants’ writing developed in that they: (a) asserted identities in writing, (b) took risks to express previously withheld aspects of their identities, and (c) negotiated how to relate their identities to the university context. Major implications of the study focus on the importance of understanding the complexity of immigrant students’ experiences and the nuances of bilingualism. Maintenance of the first language is important from a young age and may have lasting effects into college. Home literacy instruction in the first language may play a role in downplaying the negative effects of a subtractive environment at school. Furthermore, students’ home languages can be a resource that they draw on in the university as they develop their academic writing in English. Immigrant students who have experienced racism and linguistic chauvinism can benefit from explicitly safe spaces to explore these issues and it may help them develop as writers. It is important to learn more about students’ use of social networks and build them into university support services. Bilingual and Multicultural Bilingualism Biliteracy Bilingual Language and Literacy Literacy Rhetoric and Composition Higher Education Immigrants Hispanic Americans Latino students Identity Writing (composition) College Students Student Experience ESL Interviews Narratives Spanish Speaking Culturally Relevant Education Role of First Language Sat, 16 Sep 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/13639 Literacy in the information age Devers, Christopher J. The information age has changed how literacy is defined, and in this text, video, and diagram I provide an overview of what it means to be literate in an information age. literacy digital literacy information age Sun, 01 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/13625 Seeing is Believing: The Strategy Behind Campaign Imagery and its Impact on Voters Swigger, Nathaniel As television ads have become the primary tool of communication in American campaigns, research on campaign effects has focused more and more attention on how these ads influence the electorate. Little attention has been paid, however, to the visual content of these ads. Despite a format that delivers an enormous quantity of visual information, most research has focused only on the words spoken during the ad and the little research done on campaign images has focused only on emotional effects. But can voters learn something with the sound turned off? Do voters use campaign images to make inferences about a candidate’s issue positions and ideology? I use a multi-method approach to examine how voters use the information contained in campaign imagery to learn about the candidate. While most campaign strategists focus on voters’ social identities when designing the look of campaign ads, I find little evidence that viewers respond to campaign images based on identity congruence. Instead, people use the images shown in an ad to make substantive inferences about the candidate, and they incorporate those inferences into their overall evaluation of the candidate in the same way that they would use an explicit verbal statement. Because of the power of images within ads and their relatively low cost (practically and strategically), political candidates can realize enormous benefits by designing campaign images that appeal to voters’ policy preferences. political behavior campaigns imagery political psychology campaign ads campaign strategy Sat, 22 Aug 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/13617 Expanding the Spatial Data Infrastructure Knowledge Base Budhathoki, Nama Nedovic-Budic, Zorica Research on spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) is not well grounded in theory, and SDI practice often does not adequately take into account previous experiences. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness about knowledge areas available to academics and professionals involved in studying or developing SDIs. Along with technical tools, both groups need to engage the theoretical and conceptual apparatus in their efforts to understand and address technological and organizational processes and requirements of SDIs. After briefly addressing the existing SDI literature and identifying research gaps, the paper reviews the main disciplinary areas that would contribute to institutionalization of SDIs and to ensuring their broad utility: (1) information infrastructure, (2) interorganizational collaboration-cooperation-coordination (3C), (3) intergovernmental relations, (4) action network theory, and (5) use-utility-usability (3U) of information systems. We assess their value and limitations in supporting SDI research and development. The following elements are identified as potentially contributing to the SDI conceptual framework: the mutually supporting role of SDIs, geographic information systems (GIS), and information and communication technologies (ICT) and infrastructures; the notion of an installed base and capacity building activities responsive to the local conditions and needs; consideration of political, social, economic, cultural, and institutional context; incorporation of 3C principles and opportunities; attention to intergovernmental relations and the emergence of E-governance; understanding of the networked environment of data users, producers, and managers; employing user-centered approaches; and evaluating SDI accessibility and utility. The proposed framework is comprehensive, although it excludes important but often less challenging technical topics in order to focus on organizational and user perspectives. GIS spatial data infrastructure Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/13388 Elearning Seminar Series, IBICT, 2009 Haythornthwaite, Caroline A. These powerpoints are associated with a series of lectures on elearning given at the Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology (IBICT) in June 2009 elearning online learning Tue, 30 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/13387 Social Network Seminar Series, IBICT 2009 Haythornthwaite, Caroline A. These powerpoint presentations formed the basis of a four-lecture series on Social Networks, given at the Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), June 29, July 2, 7 and 9th, 2009 social networks, learning, information Fri, 31 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/13005 Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 7, A Fast Evolving Map Kinase Under Positive Selection, Is Associated With Multiple Levels Of Honeybee Behavioral Plasticity Ebaugh, Jason D. honeybee Erk7 behavioral plasticity fast evolving positive selection extracellular signal-regulated kinase 7 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2142/12251 Ethical Implications of Technical Limitations in Geographic Information Systems Graeff, Christine Loui, Michael C. A geographic information system (GIS) allows a user to combine digitized data sets from multiple sources to produce a customized map. Like traditional paper maps, GIS maps should be accurate. Unlike traditional maps, however, technical limitations raise new ethical issues for geographic information systems. These technical limitations include unavoidable inaccuracies introduced by the digitization of continuous data, the projection of three-dimensional data onto a two-dimensional plane, and incompatibilities of data sets stored in different formats. Consistency checks and technical standards may mitigate the harmful consequences of these technical limitations. cartography ethics geographic information systems Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT