Retrieving information enhances subsequent recall of that information. This testing effect has been demonstrated with a wide range of learning materials in both the laboratory and the classroom. But the benefits of testing ...

Memory benefits from retrieval. This fact has motivated an entire literature on the testing effect, which demonstrates that retrieval practice benefits memory more than additional restudy opportunities. The overall robustness ...

Speakers understand and produce common words like cat more easily than less common words like panther. Similarly, this pattern of behavior shows up at larger levels, processing common combinations of words like alcoholic ...

Retrieval is a potent method of learning, with a variety of indirect and direct benefits. The testing effect describes the finding that retrieving information enhances long-term retention of that information, relative to ...