Fabrication of Novel Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Using Multi-Beam Interference Lithography

Abstract

Genetic algorithms are demonstrated as a technique to design an interference lithography experiment. A four-beam setup with beams originating in opposite hemispheres and linear polarizations is found to generate a structure with diamond symmetry and a large complete photonic band gap. Band gap studies on structures that possess both high band gap and high contrast are performed. The optical setup for a diamond structure utilizing two right-angled prisms is discussed and promising experimental results are presented.