2026-09-23T07:18:42Z https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh

oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/105177 2023-07-11 col_2142_5131 col_2142_16405 com_2142_5130 com_2142_16404 com_2142_14833

Allender, Matthew C. Langan, Jennifer N Colegrove, Kathleen M Tang, Karisa Nichole 2019-08-23T20:44:42Z 2019-08-23T20:44:42Z 2021-08-24T09:15:20Z 2019-04-23 2019-05 Otarine herpesvirus-1 (OtHV-1) is associated with high rates of urogenital carcinoma in free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), but rarely considered a conservation concern in the southern hemisphere. The objective of this study was to survey free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) and Peruvian fur seals (Arctocephalus australis unnamed subspecies) in Punta San Juan, Peru for OtHV-1 and to determine prevalence by demographic factors. Twenty-one percent (14/67) of urogenital swabs collected over three years (2011, 2014, 2015) from live pinnipeds tested positive with a pan-herpesvirus conventional PCR. Sequencing revealed 99% homology to OtHV-1 at the DNA polymerase gene. Urogenital, conjunctival, and oropharyngeal swabs collected from 136 live pinnipeds at Punta San Juan between 2011-2018 were then assayed using quantitative PCR for a segment of the OtHV-1 DNA polymerase gene. In total, 38.6% (51/132) of urogenital swabs, 5.6% (4/71) of conjunctival swabs, and 1.1% (1/90) of oropharyngeal swabs were positive for OtHV-1. Agreement in OtHV-1 detection between sampling sites was minimal to non-existent (Cohen’s Kappa=0.027-0.386). The most parsimonious multivariable logistic regression model predicting OtHV-1 detection (P < 0.0001) included species and age class, with South American sea lions (32/81, 39.5%) having a higher prevalence of OtHV-1 in urogenital swabs than Peruvian fur seals (19/51, 37.2%), and adults (46/95, 48.4%) having a higher prevalence than pups (5/37, 13.5%). In addition, female South American sea lions had higher copy numbers (median=8,819 copies/ng DNA) than males (median: 27 copies/ng DNA, P=0.012), and adult South American sea lions (median=219 copies/ng DNA) had higher copy numbers than pups (median: 3 copies/ng DNA, P=0.008). The much higher prevalence in adults compared with pups, as well as the higher sensitivity in urogenital swabs, suggests a sexual transmission, which is similar to California sea lions. These data provide insight into dynamics of the potentially oncogenic OtHV-1 in a novel ecosystem, emphasizing the importance of continued disease surveillance in vulnerable Peruvian marine mammal populations. Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01 The student, Karisa Tang, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-10 at 15:28. The student, Karisa Tang, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-04-10 at 16:01. This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-04-23 at 15:50. DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13553 on 2019-08-22 at 16:21:00 Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TANG-THESIS-2019.pdf: 420704 bytes, checksum: a5105a666f2796790ce0bc31128dfe1c (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: 9cda3111248f8575ef6f02fe8e714153 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-04-23 Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:44:50Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:46:41Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:47:38Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112296 Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:48:32Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system Limited Restriction Lifted for Item 112296 on 2021-08-24T09:15:20Z. application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2142/105177 en Copyright 2019 Karisa Tang otarine herpesvirus OtHV-1 pinniped South American sea lion Peruvian fur seal otariid herpes First detection of otarine herpesvirus-1 in South America: Characterizing the epidemiology in a Peruvian pinniped population text text Vet Clinical Medicine VMS-Veterinary Clinical Medcne University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Thesis M.S.