2026-09-21T21:08:31Z https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh

oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/108233 2023-07-11 col_2142_5131 col_2142_14847 com_2142_5130 com_2142_683 com_2142_397

Bhattarai, Rabin Bhattarai, Rabin Nguyen, Thanh H. Cooke, Richard A. Men, Yujie Jang, Chunhwa 2020-08-27T00:46:52Z 2020-08-27T00:46:52Z 2022-08-27T00:51:40Z 2020-03-24 2020-05 The objectives of this study were to assess the role of nitrate and ammonia concentrations in the feed water on the removal of bacteriophage MS2 using bio-sand filters (BSFs) and analyze the formation of the bacterial community in BSFs, and modify BSFs with different packing materials and structures. Five bench-scale BSFs were constructed from 4 inches PVC. Two BSFs were fed with high and low nitrate concentrations (50 mg/L and 4mg/L), while the other two BSFs were fed with high and low ammonia concentrations (35 mg/L and 4mg/L). The fifth column was fed with 0.5 mM of bicarbonate buffer and used as the control. The MS2 bacteriophage removal tests were conducted, and effluent was also analyzed for nitrate and ammonia. Also, the influent water chemistry was altered to simulate the seasonal change in feed water conditions. The bacterial communities developed inside these filters were analyzed based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and using ammonia-oxidizing bacteria primers. It was observed that BSFs were able to remove MS2, ammonia to a certain degree but not nitrate. In order to improve nitrate removal in BSF, three bench-scale BSFs were constructed from 3 inches PVC, packed with different proportions of woodchips and sand, and fed with high nitrate concentration (50 mg/L). The proportions of sand and woodchip were different such as 50% of woodchip and sand (filter B), 70% of woodchip and 30% of sand (filter A), and 100% woodchip and 5cm sand layer (filter A’). The results indicated that higher MS2 and nitrate removal could be achieved by using the modified woodchip amended BSFs. The filtration depth was increased by connecting the modified BSF to the conventional BSF, and the different flow direction was also considered. The sequencing of 16 rRNA genes was conducted to analyze the bacterial community in BSFs. These results suggest that the concentrations of nutrients in the feed water can influence the biofilm growth inside BSFs and can have a significant impact on virus removal. Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01 The student, Chunhwa Jang, accepted the attached license on 2020-03-13 at 18:12. The student, Chunhwa Jang, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-03-13 at 18:21. This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-03-24 at 09:33. DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14899 on 2020-08-25 at 17:39:04 Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-27T00:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 JANG-DISSERTATION-2020.pdf: 9859632 bytes, checksum: 37fae16db9158e5aac5da97c87229293 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4209 bytes, checksum: 28559bb5392512334ad69b6e75a39ccf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-24 Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115846 Lift date: 2022-08-27T00:46:59Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115846 Lift date: 2022-08-27T00:50:22Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115846 Lift date: 2022-08-27T00:51:40Z Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system Limited application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108233 en Copyright 2020 Chunhwa Jang Biosand filter Biofilm MS2 removal Ammonia and Nitrate removal Mechanism of virus removal and nutrient reduction and modification of bio-sand filter text Thesis Engineering Administration Agricultural & Biological Engr University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Dissertation Ph.D.