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        <datestamp>2023-07-11</datestamp>
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        <thesis xmlns="http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/ http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/etdms11.xsd http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/etdmsdc.xsd">
          <dc:contributor>Newman, Daniel A.</dc:contributor>
          <dc:contributor>Newman, Daniel A.</dc:contributor>
          <dc:contributor>Badura, Katie L.</dc:contributor>
          <dc:contributor>Rounds, James</dc:contributor>
          <dc:contributor>Fraley, R. Chris</dc:contributor>
          <dc:contributor>Briley, Daniel</dc:contributor>
          <dc:date>2022-08</dc:date>
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          <dc:language>en</dc:language>
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          <dc:description>Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2024-08-01</dc:description>
          <dc:description>The student, Ning Hsu, accepted the attached license on 2022-07-07 at 14:45.</dc:description>
          <dc:description>The student, Ning Hsu, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2022-07-08 at 17:50.</dc:description>
          <dc:description>This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2022-07-12 at 16:12.</dc:description>
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          <dc:title>Female leadership advantage: A personality-based explanatory model of the gender gap in transformational leadership</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Hsu, Ning</dc:creator>
          <dc:date>2022-07-12</dc:date>
          <dc:subject>gender</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>transformational leadership</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>agenc</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>communion</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>emotional intelligence</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>meta-analysis</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>Academic discussion of the female leadership advantage (Eagly &amp; Carli, 2003) has emphasized the empirical finding that women are rated slightly higher in transformational leadership compared to men. The current study seeks to explain this gender gap, by specifying three personality-based theoretical mechanisms that enhance transformational leadership: (a) communion (stereotypical femininity; favoring women), (b) emotional intelligence (favoring women), as well as an offsetting effect of (c) agency (stereotypical masculinity; favoring men). Meta-analytic data confirm the theorized full mediation model. Because these three unique mechanisms operate in different directions, their individual indirect effects are notable but their cumulative indirect effect is small and near-zero. Implications for personality-based explanations of gender effects in leadership perceptions are discussed.</dc:description>
          <dc:type>Thesis</dc:type>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115896</dc:identifier>
          <dc:rights>Copyright 2022 Ning Hsu</dc:rights>
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            <name>Ph.D.</name>
            <level>Dissertation</level>
            <discipline>Psychology</discipline>
            <grantor>University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</grantor>
            <department>Psychology</department>
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