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Agriculture, Food Science and Technology Chemical and physical properties of bovine alpha-lactalbumin, beta-casein and genetically altered bovine beta-casein produced in the milk of transgenic mice text Jimenez-Flores, Rafael Jeng, Shin-Yi 2011-05-07T12:00:11Z 2011-05-07T12:00:11Z 10000-01-01 1996 The genomic bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin gene (1.7 kb) and the bovine $\beta$-casein gene (8.5 kb) linked to bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin 5$\prime$ flanking region (2.0 kb) were expressed in two lines of transgenic mice, $\alpha$-114 and $\alpha\beta$ 34, respectively. Whey proteins, caseins, or skim milk proteins of the transgenic mouse milk containing bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin or bovine $\beta$-casein were analyzed and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), using SDS, urea, or native (non-denaturing) conditions. Using PAGE followed by immunoblotting, both heterologous proteins were proved as identical as the native proteins in the molecular weight and the charge. The estimated expression level of bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin and $\beta$-casein was about 1.0 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml, respectively. The expression level of bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin was lactation-dependent, which was higher in early lactation than that in late lactation stage. Calcium binding of the heterologous bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin was also the same as native bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin. The phosphorylation level of the bovine $\beta$-casein expressed in the transgenic mouse milk was identical to the native bovine $\beta$-casein. The glycosylated bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin were characterized and determined. The physical properties of transgenic mouse milks were changed due to the heterologous expression of the bovine $\beta$-casein or $\alpha$-lactalbumin in the mouse milks. An increased moisture of transgenic mouse milk containing bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin was observed. However, the milk composition of transgenic mouse milk containing bovine $\beta$-casein did not change significantly. In addition, two chymosin-resistant and one plasmin-resistant bovine $\beta$-casein genomic constructs were generated and microinjected to generate transgenic mice. Mouse milk containing each of the three mutant $\beta$-caseins was produced and analyzed by immunoblotting with a bovine $\beta$-casein specific antibody. The mice carrying one of the chymosin-resistant gene constructs produced the milk containing mutant bovine $\beta$-casein with the expected molecular weight. The result of rennin digestion demonstrated that the peptide bond of 192-193 in the mutant protein was chymosin-resistant. However, the mice carrying the plasmin-resistant $\beta$-casein produced two proteins in their milk which reacted with bovine $\beta$-casein antibody and had smaller molecular weights than that of the expected mutant $\beta$-casein. Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:00:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9702549.pdf: 11911303 bytes, checksum: 6d3f5d6b32e20b174fd03507ee141cf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996 Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:35:22Z Item is restricted indefinitely. Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:13:55-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission U of I Only 9780591087307 AAI9702549 (UMI)AAI9702549 http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19207 eng Copyright 1996 Jeng, Shin-Yi Biology, Molecular University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Food Science and Human Nutrition Food Science and Human Nutrition Dissertation Ph.D.