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Kramer, Arthur F. Strayer, David Lee 2011-05-07T12:39:11Z 2011-05-07T12:39:11Z 10000-01-01 1989 Process and memory-based theories of automaticity are contrasted by manipulating the information contained in primary memory. Process-based theories predict that performance will be modulated by the information contained in primary memory, while memory-based theories predict that performance which is automatic will not be dependent of the contents of primary memory. The information contained in primary memory was manipulated by inserting a variable duration interference task between the memory set and the probe stimulus in a Sternberg memory search task. The interference task prevented rehearsal, necessitating the retrieval of the memory set from secondary memory in variably mapped (VM) conditions. Performance in consistently mapped (CM) conditions provided strong support for memory-based theories of automaticity. As performance became more automatic (as indicated by reductions in the effect of memory load), the effect of the interference task was reduced. As predicted by memory-based theories of automaticity, there was a temporal coupling in the reduction of these two effects with CM practice. Performance was modeled, using Monte Carlo simulations, as a race between a computational procedure (i.e., an algorithm) and a single-step direct memory access of past solutions. Manipulations which slowed the algorithm and/or decreased the minimum of the memory distribution resulted in more automatic (i.e., memory-based) performance. Automaticity is viewed as a continuum, reflecting the relative involvement of cognitive operations upon information contained in primary memory. The continuum is bounded by performance which is completely dependent on the information contained in primary memory (i.e., controlled processing) and by performance which is independent of the contents of primary memory. Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:39:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 8924948.pdf: 3976773 bytes, checksum: 5459c931a1e7d8b8f432991066825295 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989 Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:43:53Z Item is restricted indefinitely. Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:19:15-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission U of I Only AAI8924948 (UMI)AAI8924948 http://hdl.handle.net/2142/20437 eng Copyright 1989 Strayer, David Lee Psychology, Experimental A comparison of process and memory-based theories of automaticity text Psychology Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Dissertation Ph.D.