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Odle, Jack Adams, Sean Harrison 2011-05-07T13:40:30Z 2011-05-07T13:40:30Z 1994 Reports of low circulating ketone bodies ($\beta$-hydroxybutyrate, $\beta$-OHB & acetoacetate) in suckling piglets and evidence of minimal hepatic ketone body production from fatty acids in vitro suggested that, unlike previously-studied neonates, enhanced ketogenesis does not characterize the metabolism of the newborn pig. This apparent idiosyncracy of piglet metabolism prompted a series of studies examining development and regulation of ketogenesis in piglets, and the physiological implications of low ketonemia in piglets. The extent of alternative pathways (non-ketogenic routes of carbon flux into Krebs cycle intermediates, e.g.) of fatty acid $\beta$-oxidation was also assessed. Low ketogenic capacity in piglets was confirmed by the small change in plasma ($\beta$-OHB) relative to (C8:0) (regression slope) following a dose of C8:0. This slope was 1-2 orders of magnitude lower vs. that of mature pigs and newborn or mature rabbits. Minimal fatty acid carboxyl-carbon accumulated in ketone bodies after incubations of piglet liver homogenates or hepatocytes with (1-$\sp{14}$C) -C7:0, -C8:0, or -C16:0 in vitro, consistent with the in vivo results. The observed low activity of the ketogenic enzyme mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase) increased plasma (insulin) with suckling (patterns opposite that seen in ketotic neonatal rats, e.g.) may in part explain attenuated ketogenic capacity in piglets. Piglets accumulated fatty acid carboxyl-carbon in acetate to a high degree relative to ketone bodies in incubations of liver tissue with radiolabeled fatty acids, a phenomenon previously unreported for any animal. It is thus speculated that acetate plays a more important physiological role than the ketone bodies in newborn piglets, an idea supported by the small contribution of ketone bodies to the energy budget of piglets ($<$3% of metabolic rate from ketone bodies at normal physiological plasma ($\beta$- OHB)), and the 10-fold higher plasma (acetate) relative to the (ketone bodies) in piglets. Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:40:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9512276.pdf: 7063345 bytes, checksum: 6a5a057f3ad902d142adaa7312348171 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:57:46Z Item is restricted indefinitely. Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:27:06-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission Open Restriction set for Item 22594 on 2019-02-11T17:05:54Z with date null by fschaef2@illinois.edu. Open Restriction set for Item 22594 on 2019-02-11T17:05:56Z with date null by fschaef2@illinois.edu. Open AAI9512276 (UMI)AAI9512276 http://hdl.handle.net/2142/22459 eng Copyright 1994 Adams, Sean Harrison Biology, Animal Physiology Health Sciences, Nutrition Hepatic acetogenesis and ketogenesis in neonatal swine text Food Science and Human Nutrition Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Dissertation Ph.D.