2026-09-21T10:27:24Z https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh

oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/44463 2023-07-11 col_2142_14771 col_2142_5131 com_2142_685 com_2142_397 com_2142_5130

Freund, Gregory G. Joesting, Jennifer J. 2013-05-24T22:16:56Z 2013-05-24T22:16:56Z 2015-05-24T10:00:53Z 2013-05 2013-05-24T22:16:56Z 2013-05 Dietary regimens involving fasting have long been linked to beneficial health outcomes including; reduction in heart disease, diabetes, improved mood and cognition, and resistance to sickness behaviors such as anorexia and fever. The mechanisms underlying fasting-induced health benefits and alterations in immunity and sickness behavior continues to remain debated despite over 20 years of interest. This research project confirms that acute dietary restriction (24 h water-only fast) is able to attenuate IL-1β-induced anorexia, in addition to other sickness behaviors at early stages of the acute phase response. We previously reported that fasting was able to reduce gene expression of inflammatory IL-1α in the brain, here we looked at liver and adipose in addition to brain and uncovered a major up-regulation of IL-1 endogenous inhibitors, IL-1RA and IL-1R2 in peripheral tissues. These findings imply that attenuation in sickness behaviors observed may be due to counter-regulation of IL-1 via up-regulation of IL-1R2 and/or IL-1RA shown in metabolically active organs, which is capable of blunting the centrally-mediated effects of induced peripheral challenge. Our results further demonstrate that the mechanisms involved in IL-1R2 and IL-1RA up-regulation are independent of IL-1, TLR-4, IL-4 and glucocordicoid signaling. Here we also demonstrate that free fatty acids (FFA) are increased in the plasma as a consequence of fasting. Using palmitic acid injection to mimic fastings FFA increase, we elucidated a novel mechanism by which IL-1R2 is up-regulated. This method showed increased IL-1R2 gene transcripts in the liver of mice. FFA signaling, which produces an immune response, is shown here to be TLR-4-independent, implicating free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) as the key signaling receptor initiating the anti-inflammatory result of fasting documented in this study. Item withdrawn by Alexis Thompson (athmpsn1@illinois.edu) on 2013-04-18T14:16:43Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Joesting_Jennifer.pdf: 734521 bytes, checksum: 83bedbcb0423a9d681c508b285a82ed7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-24T22:16:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Jennifer_Joesting.pdf: 734244 bytes, checksum: dc4511d77405966b70f2ebfddb714e88 (MD5) license.txt: 4067 bytes, checksum: 0a86eb364e98114d06da095b0c70db18 (MD5) Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Seth Robbins (srobbins@illinois.edu) on 2013-05-24T22:19:11Z Item is restricted until 2015-05-24T22:18:31Z Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:36:15-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: 2015-05-24 17:18:31 UTC Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system U of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 44436 on 2015-05-24T10:00:53Z. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44463 en Copyright 2013 Jennifer J. Joesting Fasting Dietary Restriction Anti-inflammation Interleukin 1 Receptor Type 2 (IL-1R2) Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA) sickness behavior IL-1 decoy receptor Free Fatty Acids (FFA) Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA) The effect of fasting on anti-inflammatory mediators, IL-1RA and IL-1R2, and their role in resistance to sickness behaviors in mice text Animal Sciences 1538 Animal Sciences 0002 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Thesis M.S. MS:Animal Sciences -UIUC 10KS0002MS