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        <datestamp>2023-07-11</datestamp>
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        <thesis xmlns="http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/ http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/etdms11.xsd http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/etdmsdc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Using x-parameters for signal integrity applications</dc:title>
          <dc:type>text</dc:type>
          <dc:contributor>Schutt-Ainé, José E.</dc:contributor>
          <dc:contributor>Schutt-Ainé, José E.</dc:contributor>
          <dc:contributor>Bernhard, Jennifer T.</dc:contributor>
          <dc:contributor>Cangellaris, Andreas C.</dc:contributor>
          <dc:contributor>Franke, Steven J.</dc:contributor>
          <dc:creator>Comberiate, Thomas M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:date>2014-01-16T18:00:03Z</dc:date>
          <dc:date>2014-01-16T18:00:03Z</dc:date>
          <dc:date>2013-12</dc:date>
          <dc:date>2014-01-16T18:00:03Z</dc:date>
          <dc:date>2013-12</dc:date>
          <dc:description>X-parameters, the nonlinear extension of scattering parameters, have been shown to have a wide array of applications in the modeling of nonlinear devices and systems.  In this dissertation, the use of X-parameters is extended to signal integrity applications, particularly to the modeling of input/output buffers.  These input/output buffers are the nonlinear terminations of the high-speed links that the signal integrity engineer is tasked with designing and optimizing.  Brief treatments of the X-parameter formalism, the harmonic balance simulation method, the latency insertion method, and the Input/Output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) are provided as background information along with some examples of how X-parameters are generated via simulation and measurement and used in simulation.  Two processes for using X-parameters for signal integrity purposes, lim2x and x2ibis, are described and analyzed in detail.
The process lim2x uses the latency insertion method to perform a transient simulation of a given circuit with specific port stimuli and terminations. It then uses Fourier analysis to extract X-parameters from the simulation results.  This process leverages the linear numerical complexity of the latency insertion method to provide a viable X-parameter generation platform that is well-suited for very large, high-frequency circuits, particularly those which are seen in input/output buffers.  The lim2x process is demonstrated on a simple buffer circuit.  The X-parameters generated from it are compared to those generated with harmonic balance and are shown to be in excellent agreement.
IBIS models are the current standard for modeling input/output buffer circuits.  The process x2ibis uses X-parameter models to generate the current-voltage and voltage-time tables used in an IBIS file.  This process shows that properly generated X-parameter models contain the information needed to describe the behavior of an input/output buffer.  Results are compared with those of another method of IBIS model generation.</dc:description>
          <dc:description>Item withdrawn by Laura Spradlin (lspradl2@illinois.edu) on 2013-11-20T20:33:04Z
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University of Illinois Theses &amp; Dissertations (ID: 1)
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          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/2142/46714</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>en</dc:language>
          <dc:rights>Copyright 2013 Thomas Matthew Comberiate</dc:rights>
          <dc:subject>X-parameters</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>signal integrity</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Latency insertion method (LIM)</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>high-speed link</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>nonlinear vector network analyzer</dc:subject>
          <degree>
            <department>Electrical &amp; Computer Eng</department>
            <departmentCode>1933</departmentCode>
            <discipline>Electrical &amp; Computer Engr</discipline>
            <disciplineCode>1200</disciplineCode>
            <grantor>University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</grantor>
            <level>Dissertation</level>
            <name>Ph.D.</name>
            <program>PHD:Electr &amp; Computer Eng-UIUC</program>
            <programCode>10KS1200PHD</programCode>
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