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Plewa, Michael J. Ju, Young Hwa 2015-09-28T16:22:33Z 2015-09-28T16:22:33Z 10000-01-01 1998 1998 Bicyclic aromatic amines, benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) have been known as human bladder carcinogens and used in industrial manufacturing. Using the plant cell/microbe coincubation assay, this study showed that benzidine and 4-ABP were activated by plant peroxidase into frameshift- and base pair substitution-mutagens by plant-activation. Bacterial acetyl O-acetyltransferase as well as human N-acetyltransferase play a key role in the activation of benzidine and 4-ABP, and bacterial nitroreductase is partially involved in the mutagenic activation in Salmonella typhimurium. The mutagenic plant-activated benzidine and 4-ABP metabolites were fractionated using ultrafiltration membrane separation. The mutagenic metabolites were recovered in a retentate fraction with a molecular weight of $\ge$100 kDa and stable for more than 7 months when stored at 4$\sp\circ$C. To define the mutagenic specificity of the plant-activated aromatic amine metabolite, mutant spectra of spontaneous revertants and revertants induced by the plant- and mammalian-activated of aromatic amines were analyzed at the hisG46 allele in S. typhimurium strain YG1029. The plant-activated aromatic amines induced different types of base pair substitutions from the mammalian S9-activated aromatic amines. To isolate and characterize the plant-activated benzidine product(s), we generated polyclonal anti-benzidine antibodies. The anti-benzidine antibody did not recognize the plant-activated benzidine metabolites. This suggests that the plant-activated benzidine product is structurally different from benzidine parent compound. To define the molecular effects of plant- and mammalain-activated benzidine DNA adducts were induced from plant-activated benzidine in S. typhimurium and analyzed using $\sp{32}$P-postlabelmg and HPLC. Mammalian- and plant-activate benzidine metabolites induced DNA adducts in bacteria. To determine the genotoxicity of plant-activated benzidine in Chinese hamster lung cells a rapid single cell gel electrophoresis assay was employed. The plant-activated benzidine did not directly induce any DNA damage in mammalian cells. However, the plant-activated benzidine after treatment with pectinase was a potent genotoxin in mammalian cells. These data suggest that plant-activated xenobiotics may be converted into stable forms, perhaps in the pectin component in the plant cell wall. This plant activation may be a process to transport xenobiotics laterally through the environment and vertically through the food chain. Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T16:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4848 bytes, checksum: 96035ab3f5e1c23cc7138a224ce498bd (MD5) 9904495.pdf: 10358304 bytes, checksum: c95cd485b20d1b06b76e6de4ff49cedd (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 88951 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs Restricted to the U of I community indefinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs U of I Only 232 p. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/87670 (MiAaPQ)AAI9904495 eng Biology, Plant Physiology Plant Activation of Bicyclic Aromatic Amines, Benzidine and 4-Aminobiphenyl text Agronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Dissertation Agronomy Ph.D.