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Hudson, Matthew E. Mainzer, Liudmila Caetano-Anollés, Gustavo Naishadham, Gautam 2017-03-01T15:46:13Z 2017-03-01T15:46:13Z 2016-12-08 2016-12 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi participate in a widely conserved symbiosis with a majority of land plants which provides plant hosts with increased capability for soil nutrient uptake. These endosymbiotic fungi are themselves colonized by a diverse group of bacteria, including both parasitic and symbiotic species. Recently several obligate endosymbionts of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been identified, and these bacteria have been shown to modulate both the metabolism and morphology of the fungal symbionts. However, molecular and functional characterization of these bacterial endosymbionts has been limited by an inability to isolate and culture such obligate symbionts, which have significant metabolic dependencies on the host fungi. In this work, a metatranscriptomic approach is applied in order to determine the transcriptional mechanisms underlying this multilayered symbiosis. Different mycorrhizal fungal species were found to be colonized by distinct communities of bacteria, and the study identified bacterial genes with significant differential abundance in mycorrhiza- inoculated plant roots as well as bacterial genes with varying abundance across the life cycle of the symbiosis. Overall, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi harbor a diverse and metabolically active community of bacteria, and metatranscriptomics provides a capable tool to uncover the functional basis of such complex, obligate symbioses. Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2017-02-28 without embargo terms The student, Gautam Naishadham, accepted the attached license on 2016-10-11 at 21:26. The student, Gautam Naishadham, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-10-11 at 21:49. This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-12-08 at 10:50. DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10187 on 2017-02-28 at 14:46:34 Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-01T15:46:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 6 NAISHADHAM-THESIS-2016.pdf: 1291277 bytes, checksum: c43b6729a32c08602bbbf6084226f6d0 (MD5) Copy of differential_transcriptome_abundances.xlsx: 85823 bytes, checksum: 517736849da8f83d2ae8f63ad9a64035 (MD5) contigs_DhMRE_GO_Biological_process-1.png: 407957 bytes, checksum: 6ecbfe81a39c52e6573d0287fa075939 (MD5) contigs_DhMRE_GO_Molecular_function.png: 435437 bytes, checksum: a70cec261e843340a533a722b794ef83 (MD5) differential_transcriptome_abundances.xlsx: 85790 bytes, checksum: 24c8de569f885fa1f88ee2c3860b9c80 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4214 bytes, checksum: b56ff93bee9ffd062eb1e3c885a9b53f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-08 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95294 en Copyright 2016 Gautam Naishadham mycorrhizal fungi mycorrhiza metatranscriptomics endobacteria symbiosis transcriptomics metagenomics microbiome plant microbiome endosymbiont root fungal symbiont Burkholderia nutrient uptake gene expression RNA-Seq Unearthing the mechanisms of the mycorrhizal-bacterial symbiosis in plant roots using a metatranscriptomic approach text text Crop Sciences Bioinformatics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Thesis M.S.