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        <identifier>oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/97470</identifier>
        <datestamp>2023-07-11</datestamp>
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        <thesis xmlns="http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/ http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/etdms11.xsd http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ http://www.ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.1/etdmsdc.xsd">
          <dc:contributor>Gong, Songbin</dc:contributor>
          <dc:creator>Krol, John Andrew</dc:creator>
          <dc:date>2017-08-10T19:16:07Z</dc:date>
          <dc:date>2017-08-10T19:16:07Z</dc:date>
          <dc:date>2017-04-25</dc:date>
          <dc:date>2017-05</dc:date>
          <dc:description>This thesis endeavors to characterize the performance of nonreciprocal microwave devices enabled by parametric frequency conversion. Although such devices have been explored somewhat superficially in the 1960s, resurgent interest in low-noise nonreciprocal components has motivated new research in parametric frequency conversion. In particular, this work explores the contributions of nonidealities to performance degradation of a parametric gyrator. Expressions are developed for loss and noise performance contributed by nonideal components constituting the gyrator, and simulations are used to verify the  findings. The gyrator is then used to construct a circulator, and its performance's dependence on the same nonidealities is evaluated. A simulated design example is used to demonstrate a practical realization of such a circulator.</dc:description>
          <dc:description>Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2017-08-10 without embargo terms</dc:description>
          <dc:description>The student, John Krol, accepted the attached license on 2017-04-25 at 12:00.</dc:description>
          <dc:description>The student, John Krol, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-04-25 at 12:08.</dc:description>
          <dc:description>This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-04-25 at 18:26.</dc:description>
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  Previous issue date: 2017-04-25</dc:description>
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          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97470</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>en</dc:language>
          <dc:rights>Copyright 2017 John A. Krol</dc:rights>
          <dc:subject>Nonreciprocal devices</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Parametric</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Low noise</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Radio frequency (RF)</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Microwave</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>High frequency circuits</dc:subject>
          <dc:title>Nonreciprocal microwave devices using parametric frequency conversion</dc:title>
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          <dc:type>text</dc:type>
          <degree>
            <department>Electrical &amp; Computer Eng</department>
            <discipline>Electrical &amp; Computer Engr</discipline>
            <grantor>University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</grantor>
            <level>Thesis</level>
            <name>M.S.</name>
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