The nutritional value of field peas from different origins and with different particle sizes fed to growing pigs

Ibagon Pardo, Jimena Alejandra

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120135 Copy

Description

Title

The nutritional value of field peas from different origins and with different particle sizes fed to growing pigs

Author(s)

Ibagon Pardo, Jimena Alejandra

Issue Date

2023-05-03

Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)

Stein, Hans H

Committee Member(s)

• Ellis, Michel
• Nyachoti, Charles M

Department of Study

Animal Sciences

Discipline

Animal Sciences

Degree Granting Institution

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Degree Name

M.S.

Degree Level

Thesis

Keyword(s)

• amino acids
• energy
• field peas
• growing pigs
• particle size
• phosphorus digestibility.

Abstract

Five experiments were conducted to determine the nutritional composition and digestibility of three sources of field peas ground to different particle sizes and fed to growing pigs. One source was obtained from the U.S., and two sources were obtained from Canada (i.e., Canada 1, Canada 2). In Exp. 1, the objective was to test the hypothesis that particle size and origin of field peas influence the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA). Six ileal cannulated barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 50.5 kg (SD = 3.7) were randomly allotted to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with six periods and six experimental diets. The U.S. source and one of the sources from Canada (i.e., Canada 1) were each divided into two batches and ground to 246 or 434 µm, whereas the other source from Canada (i.e., Canada 2) was only ground to 246 µm. Therefore, five diets in which field peas was the sole source of CP and AA, were formulated. A N-free diet was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The AID of starch was increased by reducing the particle size in the U.S. source of field peas, but that was not the case for the Canada 1 source (interaction; P < 0.001). The SID of CP and AA was not affected by the particle size of field peas. The SID of some AA and CP were greater (P < 0.05) in the Canada 2 source compared with field peas from the U.S., but there was no effect on SID of AA of reducing the particle size of field peas from 434 to 246 µm. In Exp. 2 and 3, the objective was to test the hypothesis that there are no differences in the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P among three sources of field peas ground to different particle sizes and to determine the effect of increasing levels of phytase on the STTD of P in one source of field peas when fed to pigs. In Exp. 2, 50 growing pigs with an initial BW of 16.4 kg (SD = 1.2) were allotted to one of five diets in a randomized complete block design. The U.S. field peas were ground to 265, 457, or 678 µm, whereas the Canada 1 peas were ground only to 253 µm, and the Canada 2 source was ground to 411 µm. In Exp. 3, six diets were used. Diets were based on the U.S. field peas ground to 678 µm and included 0, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 units per kg of microbial phytase. Forty-eight growing pigs with an initial BW of 15.3 kg (SD = 0.9) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with six diets and three blocks. Results from Exp. 2 and 3 indicated that the STTD of P was not affected by the source of field peas or by particle size, but the apparent ileal digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P and the STTD P increased (linear, P < 0.05) as phytase increased in the diets. For the last two experiments, the objective was to test the hypothesis that the particle size of field peas and the location where field peas were grown may affect the ATTD of nutrients, and gross energy (GE), concentrations of digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy (NE), the AID of starch, and SID of crude protein (CP) and AA in field peas when fed to growing group-housed pigs. In both experiments, three sources of field peas were used. The U.S. field peas were ground to 265, 457, or 678 µm, whereas both sources of the Canadian peas were ground to 400 µm. A basal diet contained corn and soybean meal as the sole energy sources, and five diets containing corn and soybean meal and 50% of each source of field peas were formulated. For Exp. 4, an N-free diet was also used to calculate basal endogenous losses of AA and CP, but in Exp. 5, no N-free diet was used. In Exp. 4, seven ileal cannulated barrows with initial BW = 60.6 kg (SD = 2.1) were randomly allotted to a 7 × 7 Latin square design with seven periods and seven experimental diets. In Exp. 5, twenty-four pigs with an average initial body weight of 30.8 kg (SD = 1.0) kg were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with six calorimetry chambers and six consecutive periods. Four pigs were housed in each chamber. The six diets were fed to pigs in 1 chamber in each period, and no chamber received the same diet twice. The SID of CP and AA was not influenced by the origin of the peas or the particle size, but the AID of starch increased when particle size was reduced from 678 µm to 457 or 265 µm. Location did not affect concentrations of DE, ME, or NE of field peas, but concentrations of DE, ME, and NE increased when the particle size was reduced from 678 µm to 457 or 265 µm. In conclusion, the SID of AA in field peas is not affected by the growing location or the particle size; however, the AID of starch increased when particle size was reduced from 678 to 457 or 265 µm. The STTD of P in field peas is not affected by the growing location or particle size, but the STTD of P was increased as the inclusion level of microbial phytase increased in the diet. Inclusion of field peas in corn-soybean meal diets did not affect NE of diets. The DE, ME, or NE of field peas is not affected by growing location, but when the particle size was reduced from 678 µm to 457 or 265 µm, concentrations of DE, ME, and NE increased.

Graduation Semester

2023-05

Type of Resource

Thesis

Copyright and License Information

Copyright 2023 Jimena A. Ibagon

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