The effects of salience of gender attributions and locus of blame attributions on ratings of an analogue counselor
Glidden, Cynthia Ellen
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/19778
Description
Title
The effects of salience of gender attributions and locus of blame attributions on ratings of an analogue counselor
Author(s)
Glidden, Cynthia Ellen
Issue Date
1992
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Ackerman, Terry A.
Department of Study
Education
Discipline
Education
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Psychology, Clinical
Language
eng
Abstract
A review of literature addressing the presumed contributions of gender restrictions to psychopathology and recommendations for gender based interventions led to an attempt to clarify individual differences in attributing personal problems to factors associated with gender. The present study assessed the extent to which Gender Salient Attributions (High vs. Low GSA) and Locus of Blame Attributions (Internal vs. External LBA) predict differential treatment evaluations in an analogue context. The hypotheses anticipated the findings of (a) no significant relationships between GSAs and LBAs nor sex of participants, and (b) an aptitude treatment interaction (ATI) of participants' and counselors' attributional sets, where participants were expected to rate the counselor most favorably when the participant's attributions matched the counselor's statement of GSAs and LBAs.
The 291 student participants were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions (High vs. Low counselor GSA crossed with Internal vs. External LBA). Participants completed a modified version of the Real Events Attributional Style Questionnaire (REASQ; Norman & Antaki, 1988). Factor analyzed scores on the Counselor Rating Form-Short (Corrigan & Schmidt, 1983) and an additional rating instrument were used to measure participants' ratings of the counselor.
Correlational analyses of GSA and LBA scores on the REASQ-R supported the hypothesis of independent attributional dimensions (r = $-$.09, p $<$.11). A chi-square test of the independence of GSA scores and participants' sex also indicated the hypothesized absence of a relationship (chi-square = 2.65, p $<$.75).
Multiple regression analyses conducted to test the ATI hypothesis accounted for nonsubstantive proportions of variance in counselor ratings. Subsequently, the problem descriptions reported by participants were recategorized, and the hypotheses retested using smaller subsamples identified by problem context. Of the five contexts (romantic relationship, friendship, academic, employment, and social situations) large enough to permit analyses, the ATI hypothesis was supported only in the context of romantic relationship problems (n = 51, R$\sp2$ =.162, F = 9.09, p $<$.01). In the High Gender Salience condition, the counselor was rated more expert and trustworthy as GSA scores increased. In the Low Gender Salience condition, as GSA scores increased, ratings of the counselor's expertness and trustworthiness decreased.
Generalizations based on this study are tentative because of the psychometric limitations of the REASQ-R and the use of analogue treatment conditions. Sampling considerations are also discussed, along with proposed directions for future research.
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