The Combined Effects of Ultrasonic Energy Exposure and Protein-Deficient Diet on Both Maternal and Fetal Mice
Kim, Hyun-Kyung Lee
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/68579
Description
Title
The Combined Effects of Ultrasonic Energy Exposure and Protein-Deficient Diet on Both Maternal and Fetal Mice
Author(s)
Kim, Hyun-Kyung Lee
Issue Date
1980
Department of Study
Human Resources and Family Studies
Discipline
Human Resources and Family Studies
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Health Sciences, Nutrition
Language
eng
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the combined effects of two stresses, ultrasonic energy exposure and maternal nutritional deprivation, on both maternal and fetal organisms in mice with a view towards assessing the potential risks in humans.
In Experiment 1, the influence of dietary protein and fat levels on fetal growth in mice was investigated to standardize the control diet which would be used in the following experiments. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that both the dietary protein and fat levels significantly influence fetal growth of LAF1/J mice. In addition, dietary fat influenced protein utilization of these mice. Optimal fetal growth was obtained with the diet containing 20% casein with 15% fat as indicated by increased fetal protein, DNA, and RNA contents. Normal maternal liver lipid content in animals fed the 20% protein and 15% fat diet also indicates that this diet is optimal for reproductive performance of LAF1/J mice.
Experiments 2 and 3 were performed to determine the adverse effects of ultrasonic energy exposure and/or a protein-deficient diet on maternal and fetal mice. The maternal liver lipid content was higher in animals fed a protein-deficient diet than in control animals, while liver weight and protein content were reduced in animals fed the protein-deficient diet. Moreover, the amounts of protein, RNA, and DNA found in fetuses were also reduced with protein restriction in the maternal diet. The decrease in both protein and RNA contents of placentas was the same as that observed in fetuses when pregnant mice were fed protein-restricted diets. These results suggest that the maternal and fetal organisms and placental growth can be impaired by protein restriction in diet during pregnancy. In view of the observed positive correlation between the maternal liver protein content and fetal protein content, it appears that competition for available dietary protein might exist between the fetus and its mother under our experimental condition, and thus significant adverse effects of protein restriction in diet during pregnancy could occur on both maternal and fetal organisms. It has also been indicated that the trends of fetal and placental growth are in the same general direction.
Moreover, our experimental data also suggest that there are possible risks of ultrasonic energy exposure to the fetal organism and the maternal placenta, as indicated by the tendency toward decreased fetal and placental weights, and decreased DNA and RNA contents of both fetuses and placentas. These tendencies were especially evident when protein was restricted in the maternal diet during gestation.
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