Microfacies, Depositional Environments, and Diagenesis of the Amapa Carbonates (paleocene-Middle Miocene), Foz Do Amazonas Basin, Offshore Ne Brazil
Wolff, Breno
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/71130
Description
Title
Microfacies, Depositional Environments, and Diagenesis of the Amapa Carbonates (paleocene-Middle Miocene), Foz Do Amazonas Basin, Offshore Ne Brazil
Author(s)
Wolff, Breno
Issue Date
1984
Department of Study
Geology
Discipline
Geology
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Date of Ingest
2014-12-16T06:06:39Z
Keyword(s)
Geology
Abstract
A total of 2,795 thin sections were studied, representing the carbonate section of 18 wells drilled in the Foz do Amazonas Basin, offshore northeast Brazil. The Amapa Formation (Paleocene-Middle Miocene) consists of a carbonate platform adjacent to a landward fluvio-deltaic system which periodically prograded over the platform. The latter became discontinuous in the central portion of the basin after the Oligocene, when transverse canyons were developed connecting the deltaic complex to the open sea.
The Amapa carbonates have been divided into 22 distinct microfacies combined into two depositional models separated by a major unconformity. The paleoenvironmental reconstruction of model 1 (Paleocene to Early Eocene) consists of five juxtaposed microfacies classified into three environmental subdivisions. Model 2 (Middle Eocene to Middle Miocene) comprises 17 microfacies classified into seven subenvironments.
A sequence of twelve diagenetic stages was established for model 1 based on textural relationships. The most important reservoir rocks in this model are due to primary porosity locally reduced by later cementation. These potential oil reservoirs, which locally reach 20% porosity consist of lagoonal deposits of dasycladacean calcarenites with common intraparticle and interparticle porosity. The diagenetic sequence determined for model 2 comprises 13 distinct events. The best reservoirs in this model are due to secondary porosity generated by both selective and nonselective dissolution, the underground freshwater circulation being the main control factor of porosity generation.
In the basinwide diagenetic interpretation it is suggested that four episodes of sea level lowering disrupted the dynamic equilibrium existing between rivers and ocean, and triggered distinct reactivations of the groundwater system. These disruptions would have activated extensive underground circulations of freshwater through the carbonates, causing both porosity generation in the undersaturated zone and dolomitization in the mixed water zone.
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