Immune Responses and Hematologic Alterations in Splenectomized Pigs Experimentally Infected With Eperythrozoon Suis: I. A Possible Animal Model for Cold Agglutinin Disease in Man
Zachary, James Frederick
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/71300
Description
Title
Immune Responses and Hematologic Alterations in Splenectomized Pigs Experimentally Infected With Eperythrozoon Suis: I. A Possible Animal Model for Cold Agglutinin Disease in Man
Author(s)
Zachary, James Frederick
Issue Date
1982
Department of Study
Veterinary Medical Science
Discipline
Veterinary Medical Science
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Biology, Veterinary Science
Abstract
The immune responses and hematologic alterations of acute porcine eperythrozoonosis were studied in 2-month to 4-month-old splenectomized crossbred sibling pigs. The clinical course of the disease was monitored by complete blood counts and serum chemical determinations. Cell-mediated immune responses were measured by the uptake of ('3)H-thymidine (lymphocyte blastogenesis) following the incubation in vitro of peripheral blood lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin mitogen, pokeweed mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (E. coli) mitogen, porcine erythrocyte stromal antigen, and Eperythrozoon suis particulate antigen. Humoral immune responses were evaluated by serum indirect hemagglutination titers for porcine eperythrozoonosis, serum globulin concentrations, serum gamma globulin concentrations, and by studies that examined the propensity of experimental and control sera to agglutinate normal washed and glutaraldehyde-treated homologous and heterologous erythrocytes at selected temperatures and following treatment of sera with 2-mercaptoethanol.
The mechanism of the production of anemia and icterus during^the course of the disease appears related to the presence of IgM^cold agglutinins in the plasma of experimental pigs. The appearance^of these agglutinins is preceded by massive parasitemia of^erythrocytes. It is believed that the interaction between erythrocytes^and E. suis parasites produces some type of cell membrane injury^resulting in alteration of normal membrane antigens or exposure of^hidden cryptic antigens. This antigen, possibly behaving as a T-^independent antigen, then serves as the stimulus for initiating the^synthesis of IgM cold agglutinins. There is a significant suppressionof T-lymphocyte blastogenic responses induced by phyto-hemagglutinin mitogen and pokeweek mitogen during the courseof the disease. This suppression is thought possibly to have a rolein the development of the humoral immune response by altering T-lymphocyte helper cell activities. The cause of the suppression isunknown. Lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by lipopolysaccharide(E. coli) mitogen precedes the synthesis of cold agglutinin IgMimmunoglobulins and probably measures the activation and
proliferation of B-lymphocytes that have received the antigen stimulus from injured erythrocytes.
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